OPTOGENETIC TERMINATION OF RE-ENTRANT ARRHYTHMIAS: ACOMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

https://www.worldwidejournals.com/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA/recent_issues_pdf/2026/September/optogenetic-termination-of-reentrant-arrhythmias-a-comprehensive-analysis_September_2026_0041698147_3900790.pdf

DOI : 10.36106/gjra

VOLUME - 15, ISSUE - 09, SEPTEMBER - 2026 • PRINT ISSN No. 2277 - 8160

Malignant cardiac tachyarrhythmias, such as ventriculartachycardia (VT) and atrial fibrillation (AF), represent leadingcauses of global mortality and morbidity. These life-threatening conditions are predominantly sustained by a re-entry mechanism, where a circular, self-sustaining electricalwave continuously reactivates cardiac tissue. [1, 2]Conventional clinical strategies to manage re-entry rely onanti-arrhythmic drugs, high-voltage electrical shocks viaimplantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), or catheter-based thermal ablation. While electrical shocks save lives,they inflict severe pain, induce myocardial tissue damage,and trigger psychological trauma. Concurrently, traditionalcatheter ablation permanently destroys cardiac tissue,leaving behind irreversible scar tissue that can paradoxicallyact as a substrate for future arrhythmias. [1, 2]To overcome these structural limitations, cardiac optogeneticshas emerged as a ground-breaking paradigm. By integratinggenetic engineering and optical technology, this biologicalapproach offers a painless, non-destructive, and spatiallyprecise method to terminate re-entrant circuits withoutgenerating permanent scar tissue.